Page 1 of 3 - How to use scanf in C. posted in C/C Tutorials: A lot of new C programmers have trouble with scanf. So Im going to show you how to implement scanf in C in this tutorial.
The scanf function reads input from stdin, according to the given format, and stores the data in the other arguments.It works a lot like printf. The format string consists of control characters, whitespace characters, and non-whitespace characters.
Dev-C Dev-C is a free IDE for Windows that uses either MinGW or TDM-GCC as underlying compiler. Originally released by Bloodshed Software, but abandoned in 2006, it has recently been forked by Orwell, including a choice of more recent compilers. Printf prototype int printf( const char. format. ); The printf function writes the string pointed to by format to stdout. The string format may contain format specifiers starting with% which are replaced by the values of variables that are passed to the printf function as additional arguments. It is defined in header file. Printf Parameters.
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Arrays allow to define type of variables that can hold several data items of the same kind. Similarly structure is another user defined data type available in C that allows to combine data items of different kinds.
Structures are used to represent a record. Suppose you want to keep track of your books in a library. You might want to track the following attributes about each book −
Title
Author
Subject
Book ID
Defining a Structure
To define a structure, you must use the struct statement. The struct statement defines a new data type, with more than one member. The format of the struct statement is as follows −
The structure tag is optional and each member definition is a normal variable definition, such as int i; or float f; or any other valid variable definition. At the end of the structure's definition, before the final semicolon, you can specify one or more structure variables but it is optional. Here is the way you would declare the Book structure −
Accessing Structure Members
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To access any member of a structure, we use the member access operator (.). The member access operator is coded as a period between the structure variable name and the structure member that we wish to access. You would use the keyword struct to define variables of structure type. The following example shows how to use a structure in a program −
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Structures as Function Arguments
You can pass a structure as a function argument in the same way as you pass any other variable or pointer.
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
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Pointers to Structures
You can define pointers to structures in the same way as you define pointer to any other variable −
Now, you can store the address of a structure variable in the above defined pointer variable. To find the address of a structure variable, place the '&'; operator before the structure's name as follows −
To access the members of a structure using a pointer to that structure, you must use the → operator as follows −
Let us re-write the above example using structure pointer.
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Bit Fields
Bit Fields allow the packing of data in a structure. This is especially useful when memory or data storage is at a premium. Typical examples include −
Packing several objects into a machine word. e.g. 1 bit flags can be compacted.
Reading external file formats -- non-standard file formats could be read in, e.g., 9-bit integers.
C allows us to do this in a structure definition by putting :bit length after the variable. For example −
Here, the packed_struct contains 6 members: Four 1 bit flags f1..f3, a 4-bit type and a 9-bit my_int.
C automatically packs the above bit fields as compactly as possible, provided that the maximum length of the field is less than or equal to the integer word length of the computer. If this is not the case, then some compilers may allow memory overlap for the fields while others would store the next field in the next word.